Integrated solution for anomalous driving detection based on BeiDou/GPS/IMU measurements

There has been an increasing role played by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications in recent decades. In particular, centimeter/decimetre positioning accuracy is required for some safety related applications, such as lane control, collision avoidance, and intelligent speed assistance. Lane-level Anomalous driving detection underpins these safety-related ITS applications. The two major issues associated with such detection are (1) accessing high accuracy vehicle positioning and dynamic parameters; and (2) extraction of irregular driving patterns from such information. This paper introduces a new integrated framework for detecting lane-level anomalous driving, by combining Global Positioning Systems (GPS), BeiDou, and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with advanced algorithms. Specifically, we use Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) to perform data fusion with different positioning sources. The detection of different types of Anomalous driving is achieved based on the application of a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with a newly introduced velocity-based indicator. The framework proposed in this paper yield significantly improved accuracy in terms of positioning and Anomalous driving detection compared to state-of-the-art, while offering an economically viable solution for performing these tasks.     

基于AQWA计算规则波中新型海工船的运动响应

本文应用三维势流理论的水动力软件AQWA分析一种新型工程船舶在波浪中的运动响应,新型船为改造的波兰中型集装箱船B-573,设计搭载Pram型艉和POD吊舱式推进系统的新型海工船.本文计算此船在规则波中不同浪向角条件下的六个自由度的频域和时域的运动响应,得到在不同浪向角下船体的响应振幅算子RAO,计算船舶顺浪下不同船速的垂荡RAO以及纵荡、垂荡和纵摇三个自由度的一阶、二阶波浪力,分析结果显示该新船型具有良好的耐波性.     

超声冲击处理对高强钢焊接接头残余应力影响的数值模拟

超声冲击处理(UIT)是一种有效的焊后改善焊接接头疲劳性能的工艺措施,其借助机械撞击和超声振动的共同作用,使焊趾表面产生塑性变形从而引入有益的压缩残余应力。为评价UIT技术对焊接接头残余应力的影响,该文提出了一套新的数值分析方法,包括焊接数值模拟及随后的超声冲击处理过程的动态弹塑性有限元分析。在有限元模型中考虑了实际的工艺参数和超声促成的材料软化效应。以船用高强钢AH36非承载十字焊接接头为研究对象,将预测的超声冲击处理前后的残余应力分布与实验结果进行对比,两者有较好的吻合。在此基础上,探讨了静态预载荷对超声冲击处理态残余应力再分布的影响。     

基于磁流变弹性体的船舶轴系纵振动力吸振器的实验研究

磁流变弹性体是一种新型的智能材料,由微米级的羰基铁粉和聚合物合成.由于它具有弹性模量可调、无需封装、稳定性好、响应快等优点,已被广泛应用于机械振动控制等领域.文中针对船舶推进轴系纵振动力学特性,提出一种固有频率可调的磁流变弹性体动力吸振器用于轴系纵振控制.首先理论分析了安装动力吸振器的推进轴系的动力学模型,其次对动力吸振器进行了移频特性试验,并在1:4的船舶轴系缩比模型上进行了变转速工况下吸振效果试验.实验结果表明,该吸振器具有12.3 Hz的移频范围,并且在不同轴系工作转速下相比于被动式吸振器均有更好的吸振效果.     

CFRP加固损伤钢板的拉伸及疲劳性能研究

文章基于Dugdale模型理论提出CFRP加固含裂纹钢板加固量的计算方法。通过虚拟裂纹闭合法建立模型来模拟塑性钢板的破坏过程,并完成相关试验,验证了CFRP加固含裂纹钢板有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度取值的有效性。同时利用Paris公式预估疲劳寿命,并结合相关试验数据,探究了CFRP加固对含裂纹钢板疲劳寿命的提高作用。研究表明,有效粘贴长度、有效粘贴宽度的理论取值有效;通过CFRP双侧加固竖裂纹、斜裂纹钢板构件可分别使其疲劳寿命得到显著提高。     

基于改进移动最小二乘法的结构可靠性分析

基于改进移动最小二乘法对结构可靠性问题进行分析,数值模拟结果表明,改进方法可有效提高计算精度.具体方法是使用椭圆范数代替二范数来度量样本点到中心点的距离,并根据上次迭代所得到的响应面在中心点处的法向量与坐标轴所成角度,对影响域进行旋转变换;从而将样本点的权重大小由样本点与中心点、响应面的距离共同决定,并将每次迭代得到的响应面函数在中心点处的法向信息包含在内.     

Heterogeneous hazard model of PEV users charging intervals: Analysis of four year charging transactions data

Public charging infrastructure represents a key success factor in the promotion of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). Given that a large initial investment is required for the widespread adoption of PEV, many studies have addressed the location choice problem for charging infrastructure using a priori simple assumptions. Ideally, however, identifying optimal locations of charging stations necessitates an understanding of charging behavior. Limited market penetration of PEV makes it difficult to grasp any regularities in charging behavior. Using a Dutch data set about four-years of charging transactions, this study presents a detailed analysis of inter-charging times. Recognizing that PEV users may exhibit different charging behavior, this study estimates a latent class hazard duration model, which accommodates duration dependence, unobserved heterogeneity and the effects of time-varying covariates. PEV users are endogenously classified into regular and random users by treating charging regularity as a latent variable. The paper provides valuable insights into the dynamics of charging behavior at public charging stations, and which strategies can be successfully used to improve the performance of public charging infrastructure.     

Direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem

This paper proposes simple and direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem. It is only necessary to account for random variables independent of link flows by performing a simple transformation of the perceived link travel time with a normal distribution. At every iteration of a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, the values of the random variables are sampled based on their probability distributions, and then a regular deterministic user equilibrium assignment is carried out to produce link flows. The link flows produced at each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation are averaged to yield the final flow pattern. Two test networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithms and the traditional algorithm (the Method of Successive Averages) produce similar results and that the proposed algorithms can be extended to the computation of the case in which the random error term depends on measured travel time.     

Prioritizing road extension projects with interdependent benefits under time constraint

Since transportation projects are costly and resources are limited, prioritizing or sequencing the projects is imperative. This study was inspired by a client who asked: “I have tens of approved road extension projects, but my financial resources are limited. I cannot construct all the projects simultaneously, so can you help me prioritize my projects?” To address this question, the benefits and costs of all the possible scenarios must be known. However, the impacts (or benefit) of road extension projects are highly interdependent, and in sizable cases cannot be specified thoroughly. We demonstrate that the problem is analogous to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Dynamic change in travel demand during construction is another aspect of the complexity of the problem. The literature is yet to provide efficient methods for large cases. To this end, we developed a heuristic methodology in which the variation of travel demand during the construction period is considered. We introduce a geometrical objective function for which a solution-finding policy based on “gradient maximization” is developed. To address the projects’ interdependency, a special neural network (NN) model was devised. We developed a search engine hybridized of Ant Colony and Genetic Algorithm to seek a solution to the TSP-like problem on the NN based on gradient maximization. The algorithm was calibrated and applied to real data from the city of Winnipeg, Canada, as well as two cases based on Sioux-Falls. The results were reliable and identification of the optimum solution was achievable within acceptable computational time.     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.